選擇旁(pang)路電容(rong)器時(shi)要考(kao)慮的(de)關鍵參數包括(kuo)交流信號的(de)最(zui)低頻率和電阻器的(de)阻值。在大多數情況下(xia),最(zui)低頻率為(wei) 50 Hz。
盡(jin)管不(bu)同類型的(de)(de)電(dian)容器可用(yong)于去耦(ou)/旁(pang)路(lu)應(ying)用(yong),但(dan)它們的(de)(de)特性(xing)會根據所(suo)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)介(jie)電(dian)材料(liao)和結構而(er)有顯著差異。兩者決定了溫度穩(wen)定性(xing)、線性(xing)度、額(e)定電(dian)壓、物理尺寸和成(cheng)本(ben)。通常(chang)用(yong)于去耦(ou)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)容器類型包(bao)括陶瓷、鉭和鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容器。
陶(tao)(tao)瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)的性(xing)能(neng)和(he)成(cheng)本使其(qi)成(cheng)為去耦應(ying)用(yong)的流(liu)行選擇(ze)(ze)。這(zhe)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)具有低等效(xiao)串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻 (ESR) 和(he)等效(xiao)串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感 (ESL)。此(ci)外,多層陶(tao)(tao)瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi) (MLCC) 具有多種封裝(zhuang)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容值。陶(tao)(tao)瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)是高頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路去耦應(ying)用(yong)的絕佳選擇(ze)(ze)。
開(kai)關型鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)通(tong)常用于低頻(pin)(pin)和中(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的去耦應用。這些電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)價格低廉,電(dian)(dian)容(rong)值范圍(wei)廣(guang)(guang),電(dian)(dian)容(rong)體(ti)積比高。然(ran)而,鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)表現出與溫度相關的磨損,并且在低溫下具有(you)高 ESR。這些電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)廣(guang)(guang)泛用于消費(fei)產(chan)品的去耦應用。
固態鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)具有高(gao) CV,不易磨(mo)損。此(ci)外,它們在低溫下表現出令人印象深刻的穩定性。與鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)相比,鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)具有更(geng)高(gao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)體積比和更(geng)低的 ESR。另(ling)一方(fang)面,鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)價格昂貴且(qie)僅限于(yu)(yu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應用,通常(chang)高(gao)達(da) 50 V。這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)通常(chang)用于(yu)(yu)可靠性更(geng)高(gao)的應用。
聚(ju)酯(zhi)、聚(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)、特氟隆和聚(ju)苯乙烯(xi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)等(deng)薄膜電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的去(qu)耦(ou)應(ying)用(yong)有(you)限(xian)。雖然這些電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)適(shi)用(yong)于高(gao)壓應(ying)用(yong)并且(qie)不易磨損,但生產它們的成本相對較(jiao)高(gao)。然而,這些電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的特性(xing)使其(qi)成為高(gao)電(dian)壓、高(gao)電(dian)流和音頻去(qu)耦(ou)應(ying)用(yong)的合適(shi)選擇(ze)。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)是模擬和數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)基本元件。它們用于廣泛的(de)應(ying)用,包(bao)括耦合(he)、去(qu)耦、濾波和定(ding)時應(ying)用。耦合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)允(yun)許交流(liu)(liu)分量通過,同(tong)時阻(zu)止(zhi)(zhi)直流(liu)(liu)分量。去(qu)耦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)用作儲能器(qi)(qi),以防止(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓快(kuai)速變化。旁路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)通過將不需要的(de)交流(liu)(liu)分量分流(liu)(liu)到地來清潔直流(liu)(liu)信號。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)在很大程度(du)上決定(ding)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)性能、壽命和可靠性。